Mycorrhizal-Bacterial Amelioration of Plant Abiotic and Biotic Stress

Soil microbiota plays an important role in the sustainable production of the different types of agrosystems. Among the members of the plant microbiota, mycorrhizal fungi (MF) and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) interact in rhizospheric environments leading to additive and/or synergistic effects on plant growth and heath. In this manuscript, the main mechanisms used by MF and PGPB to facilitate plant growth are reviewed, including the improvement of nutrient uptake, and the reduction of ethylene levels or biocontrol of potential pathogens, under both normal and stressful conditions due to abiotic or biotic factors. Finally, it is necessary to expand both research and field use of bioinoculants based on these components and take advantage of their beneficial interactions with plants to alleviate plant stress and improve plant growth and production to satisfy the demand for food for an ever-increasing human population

Basidiomycetes Telomeres – A Bioinformatics Approach

The bioinformatics analysis described in this paper allowed us to establish the type and the number of the telomere repeat unit in the basidiomycetes analyzed, to suggest the putative linkage groups in fungi where linkage maps are not available, to uncover misassembled telomere regions, and to reveal the preference for some gene models to be located at the subtelomeric regions and to uncover synteny among the subtelomere regions in the basidiomycetes analyzed.This work has been supported by funds of the AGL2008-05608-C02-01 of the Spanish National Plan of Scientific Research, the Bioethanol Euroinnova project of the Goverment of Navarre (Spain), by additional institutional support from the Public University of Navarre

Retrospective analysis of therapeutic response obtained with enteral and parenteral iron in adults with iron deficiency anaemia

AbstractBackgroundFew studies compare the therapeutic efficacy of different iron deficiency anaemia treatments.AimEvaluate the therapeutic response of the most common iron preparations.Material and methodsRetrospective, observational-analytical study based on medical records from the Haematology Department, conducted from March to October 2014, including 121 adults with ferropenic anaemia and 3-month follow-up. Patients with comorbidities or pregnancy were excluded.Results85.8% were women (n=103) and 14% men (n=17), with a mean age of 42 (16–83) years. Seventy patients (58.3%) started with oral administration; the rest received intravenous iron. Efficacy was similar among all the iron preparations, with no significant differences (p>0.05). Iron sucrose was most effective in rapidly replenishing body iron stores.ConclusionsDespite comparable efficacy among treatments, ferrous fumarate had the lowest treatment failure and was the therapy of choice

Reading: a motivating and interactive process

This research was primarily intended for those who are professionally concerned with the teaching of a foreign language, and especially for those who consider reading to be one of the most important sources for developing comprehension and production processes. We wanted our students to develop reading strategies by means of meaningful and motivating stories. Meaningful, because interesting stories encourage them to improve, and motivating, because they open the doors to multiple possibilities, thereby reinforcing other abilities

An investigation into the sample preparation procedure and analysis of cyanoacrylate adhesives using capillary electrophoresis

In this study, the trace acid profile of cyanoacrylate adhesives was studied using capillary electrophoresis. Liquid–liquid extraction was employed as the sample preparation step before separation by capillary electrophoresis. The solubility of the adhesives was investigated using various organic solvents, e.g. hexane and dichloromethane, and chloroform was determined to be the optimum solvent as it enabled the full dissolution of the adhesive. A comprehensive stability study was performed over a 3-year period and results indicate that the adhesives were stable for 2 years after which their stability and performance degraded

Vinyl sulfonyl chemistry-driven unidirectional transport of a macrocycle through a [2]rotaxane

This work has been financially supported by FEDER(EDRF)/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades (P18-FR-2877), grant PID2020-112906GA-I00 funded by MCIN/AIE (/10.13039/501100011033) and Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO, Spain) (CTQ2014-55474-C2-2-R and CTQ2017-86125P, co-financed by FEDER funds). Funding for open access APCs provided by Universidad de Granada through a Paid by Read & Publish agreement with RSC.By applying a combination of the coupling-and-decoupling (CAD) chemistry of the vinyl sulfonate group with the click thia-Michael addition to the vinyl sulfone group (MAVS) we performed the irreversible unidirectional transportation of the ring through the linear component in a [2]rotaxane by a chemically and pH-driven flashing energy ratchet mechanism. The design is based on a monostoppered thread precursor bearing a sulfonate stopper, a vinyl sulfone group on the unstoppered end and a dibenzylammonium unit as recognition site for the dibenzo-24-crown-8 macrocycle. First, the ring enters from the vinyl sulfone side and the rotaxane is capped through a thia-Michael addition reaction. Then, the cleavage of the sulfonate group of the opposite stopper using MgBr2 as chemical stimulus and subsequent addition of base (Et3N) promoted the controlled and directional release of the macrocycle into the bulk under mild conditions. The efficiency of the system allowed the in situ operation as demonstrated by NMR and HRMS techniques.FEDER(EDRF)/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades - MCIN/AIE P18-FR-2877Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO, Spain) (FEDER funds) CTQ2014-55474-C2-2-R; CTQ2017-86125PUniversidad de GranadaRSCMCIN/AIE PID2020-112906GA-I0

Application surface of CPT, an advanced DInSAR displacement near Itoiz dam, Navarra, Spain

Itoiz reservoir is located in Navarra, northern Spain, being a newly constructed gravity dam that stores the water from the Irati and the Urrobi rivers. The dam has a total height of 121 m, a total length of 525 m and a maximum water storage volume of 410 hm3. The aim of this work is to study the surface displacement field during the impoundment of the Itoiz water reservoir. Orbital SAR Differential Interferometry (DInSAR) techniques have been proven to be a useful and powerful tool in tectonic areas for surveying subtle surface deformations over several years related to geodynamic phenomena. An advanced DInSAR observation technique, Coherent Pixel Technique (CPT), has been applied to study the existence of deformation in the dam area in order to obtain mean velocities and time series of deformation. We have studied the applicability of this technique to study the surface displacement field during the impoundment of the Itoiz water reservoir. Specifically, we focus on the analysis of the stability of the left slope of the reservoir. We have used ERS and ENVISAT descending and ascending images concerning to the 1992-2008 and 2003-2008 periods respectively. We compare the observation results with the displacement induced by water loading obtained using a theoretical model

Genomics and transcriptomics characterization of genes expressed during postharvest at 4°C by the edible basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus

Pleurotus ostreatus is an industrially cultivated basidiomycete with nutritional and environmental applications. Its genome, which was sequenced by the Joint Genome Institute, has become a model for lignin degradation and for fungal genomics and transcriptomics studies. The complete P. ostreatus genome contains 35 Mbp organized in 11 chromosomes, and two different haploid genomes have been individually sequenced. In this work, genomics and transcriptomics approaches were employed in the study of P. ostreatus under different physiological conditions. Specifically, we analyzed a collection ofexpressed sequence tags (EST) obtained from cut fruit bodies that had been stored at 4°C for 7 days (postharvest conditions). Studies of the 253 expressed clones that had been automatically and manually annotated provided a detailed picture of the life characteristics of the self-sustained fruit bodies. The results suggested a complex metabolism in which autophagy, RNA metabolism, and protein and carbohydrate turnover are increased. Genes involved in environment sensing and morphogenesis were expressed under these conditions. The data improve our understanding of the decay process in postharvest mushrooms and highlight the use of high-throughput techniques to construct models of living organisms subjected to different environmental conditions

Falls in People with Multiple Sclerosis

No embargo required.Abstract Falls are highly prevalent in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and result in a range of negative consequences, such as injury, activity curtailment, reduced quality of life, and increased need for care and time off work. This narrative review aims to summarize key literature and to discuss future work needed in the area of fall prevention for people with MS. The incidence of falls in people with MS is estimated to be more than 50%, similar to that in adults older than 80 years. The consequences of falls are considerable because rate of injury is high, and fear of falling and low self-efficacy are significant problems that lead to activity curtailment. A wide range of physiological, personal, and environmental factors have been highlighted as potential risk factors and predictors of falls. Falls are individual and multifactorial, and, hence, approaches to interventions will likely need to adopt a multifactorial approach. However, the literature to date has largely focused on exercise-based interventions, with newer, more comprehensive interventions that use both education and exercise showing promising results. Several gaps in knowledge of falls in MS remain, in particular the lack of standardized definitions and outcome measures, to enable data pooling and comparison. Moving forward, the involvement of people with MS in the design and evaluation of programs is essential, as are approaches to intervention development that consider implementation from the outset.</jats:p